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Experts: China's nuclear power has a late-mover advantage
Release time:
2013-07-24
Since the completion of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station in 1991, China's nuclear energy industry has gone through more than 20 years of development. How to view the current situation of nuclear power development? How to deal with the possible risks of nuclear power?
Recently, in the "Scientists and Media Face-to-face" event organized by the China Association for Science and Technology, Ye Qizhen, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of China National Nuclear Corporation, Xiao Xuefu, deputy station director and doctoral supervisor of the National Defense Science and Technology Industry Ionizing Radiation Level I Dosage Station, Yu Jiyang, associate professor of the Department of Engineering of Tsinghua University, expressed his views.
China's nuclear power has the advantage of backwardness
Ye Qizhen said that most of my country's nuclear power was established after the 1990 s, so that international experience in the construction and operation of nuclear power can be fully utilized. In fact, the nuclear power plants under construction in my country are all built with the most advanced contemporary technology, which has the advantage of backwardness. At present, the operating level of all nuclear power units is at the international upper-middle level.
Ye Qizhen introduced that the International Atomic Energy Agency combines nuclear incidents and nuclear accidents and divides them into 7 levels. Level 0 is normal operation without any problems. Level 1 is an event, not an accident, such as some parameters exceeding the requirements stipulated by the competent department. Level 2 has no impact on the environment, but some equipment may have faults and have potential impacts. It is called an accident only when it is above level 4. Japan's Fukushima nuclear accident was initially five, and later found that the amount of radiation is quite large, identified as seven.
"There is no level 2 or higher in our country, not even level 2, which is basically normal. So our nuclear power is quite safe." Ye Qizhen introduced that after the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan, my country put forward eight countermeasures and improved them in a very short time.
Ye Qizhen said that China's nuclear power development policy is "strategic struggle". He explained that under the trend of global low-carbon development, mastering advanced nuclear energy technology will become a symbol of core competitiveness, nuclear energy will become a strategic high-tech field, and it is necessary to form an independent and innovative nuclear industry brand and strive to gain strategic competitive advantages.
The best choice for sustainable development
Xiao Xuefu pointed out that nuclear power plays an irreplaceable role in changing the energy structure, breaking through the bottleneck of resources and environment, ensuring energy security, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Monitoring data show that modern thermal power generation not only "eats" more, but also "pulls" more. Xiao Xuefu, for example, takes a 1 million-kilowatt coal-fired power station as an example. In addition to discharging more than 200,000 tons of slag every year, it also discharges 6 million -7 million tons of carbon dioxide, 50000-100000 tons of sulfur dioxide, 20000-30000 tons of nitrogen oxides, 30000-60000 tons of carbon monoxide, 20000-30000 tons of particulate matter and a large amount of waste hot water. The slag and flue gas also contain about 400 tons of heavy metals (such as lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, etc.).
Xiao shev said that since the main fuel for thermal power generation is coal-fired from the ground, it contains more or less natural radionuclides uranium -238, radium -226, thorium -232 and potassium -40. These natural radionuclides are discharged into the environment with flue gas and fly ash after combustion, or concentrated in waste residue.
"Although the additional radiation absorption dose to humans produced by radioactive material emitted from coal-fired power plants is still within the allowable range of national standards, it is much greater than the additional radiation dose to humans produced by radionuclides emitted during normal operation of nuclear power plants of the same power. This is evidenced by monitoring data both at home and abroad." Shoshev said.
Nuclear power does not emit carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and other pollutants. Xiao Xuefu said that a 1 million-kilowatt nuclear power plant burns only 20 to 30 tons of nuclear fuel a year, while a 1 million-kilowatt coal-fired power plant burns 2 million to 3 million tons of standard coal a year. Burning coal requires about 100 train skins to be transported every day, while a nuclear power plant of the same size requires only a few trucks to transport the fuel used throughout the year.
Needs to attach importance to nuclear power safety measures
Yu Jiyang has presided over and undertaken the research on key scientific issues of supercritical water-cooled reactors in China's 973 plan, the research on the non-dynamic containment cooling system of large-scale advanced pressurized water reactors in the Ninth Five-Year Plan, the development of advanced thorium-based fuel reactors in international cooperation projects, the development of sub-channel analysis programs for heavy water reactors, and the research on hydrogen behavior in containment under serious accidents. He said that the overall goal of nuclear power plant safety is to establish and maintain an effective set of protective measures at nuclear power plants to ensure that workers, the public and the environment are protected from excessive radioactive risks. Nuclear power plants also have more common hazards caused by any industry, but from the overall goal of nuclear power safety, it can be seen that nuclear power plants focus on radiation safety, which is the most prominent issue.
According to the limits set by the International Commission on Irradiation Protection (ICRP), the five-year dose limit for professionals is 100 mSv, of which no more than 50 mSv in any year, and the annual dose limit for residents is 1 mSv.
Yu Jiyang introduced that in accordance with the principle of defense-in-depth, nuclear power plants that have implemented accident prevention and accident mitigation measures, the probability of a serious core melting accident should be lower than the negative 4 power of 10 per operating reactor year, but this indicator is still not satisfactory. The International Atomic Energy Agency's International Safety Advisory Group (INSAG) proposed that more advanced indicators should be reached, the probability of a core melting accident per reactor year does not exceed 10 to the minus 5 power.
As for the public's "talk about nuclear discoloration", Yu Jiyang believes that to eliminate panic, it is necessary to strengthen the release and communication of information. Only complete information can be released to the public, so that the public can make prepared choices, which is conducive to eliminating unnecessary panic.
"Nuclear energy has proven to be an economical, safe source of energy and a green source of energy without the release of greenhouse gases. Nuclear energy should and must play a huge role in the world's energy needs in the future." Yu Jiyang said.
Source: July 24, 2013 First Financial Daily Author: Zhang Ke
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